International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks (Vienna Classification)
   

Preface

Vienna Agreement

Recommendations

Guidance for the User

Table of Categories

Table of Categories and Divisions, with Explanatory Notes

General remarks

Figurative element examples

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Categories, Divisions and Sections with Explanatory Notes
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CATEGORY 27 FORMS OF WRITING, NUMERALS
27.1.

LETTERS OR NUMERALS FORMING GEOMETRICAL FIGURES, WRITTEN OR TYPOGRAPHICAL MATTER IN PERSPECTIVE

27.3.

LETTERS OR NUMERALS REPRESENTING A HUMAN BEING, AN ANIMAL, A PLANT, A HEAVENLY BODY, A NATURAL PHENOMENON OR AN OBJECT

27.5.

LETTERS PRESENTING A SPECIAL FORM OF WRITING

27.7.

NUMERALS PRESENTING A SPECIAL FORM OF WRITING

 27.1

LETTERS OR NUMERALS FORMING GEOMETRICAL FIGURES, WRITTEN OR TYPOGRAPHICAL MATTER IN PERSPECTIVE

 
Note: Includes both a single letter or a single numeral and a group of letters or a group of numerals.
*27.1.1

Letters or numerals forming geometrical figures, written or typographical matter in perspective

Auxiliary Sections of Groups 27.1
Auxiliary Sections Associated with Principal Section 27.1.1
A27.1.2

Letters or numerals forming a square or a rectangle (surface or periphery)

A27.1.3

Letters or numerals forming any other quadrilateral (surface or periphery)

A27.1.4

Letters or numerals forming any other polygon (surface or periphery)

A27.1.5

Letters or numerals forming a triangle (surface or periphery)

A27.1.6

Letters or numerals forming a circle or a circumference

A27.1.7

Letters or numerals forming an ellipse (surface or periphery)

A27.1.8

Letters or numerals forming a plano-convex figure

A27.1.9

Letters or numerals forming a plano-concave figure

A27.1.10

Letters or numerals forming a biconvex figure

A27.1.11

Letters or numerals forming a biconcave figure

A27.1.12

Letters or numerals forming a figure in the shape of an arc of a circle

A27.1.13

Letters or numerals forming a figure in the shape of a band with one or more wavy or zigzag sides

A27.1.16

Letters or numerals in perspective (decreasing towards the center, towards one extremity or towards both extremities)

A27.1.25

Letters or numerals forming some other geometrical figure

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 27.3

LETTERS OR NUMERALS REPRESENTING A HUMAN BEING, AN ANIMAL, A PLANT, A HEAVENLY BODY, A NATURAL PHENOMENON OR AN OBJECT

 
Note: (a) Includes also punctuation marks representing a human being, an animal, a plant, a heavenly body, a natural phenomenon or an object.
 (b) Includes both a single letter, a single numeral or a single punctuation mark and a group of letters, a group of num
*27.3.1

Letters or numerals representing a human being or a part of the human body, an animal or a part of an animal’s body, a plant, a heavenly body, a natural phenomenon or an object

Auxiliary Sections of Groups 27.3
Auxiliary Sections Associated with Principal Section 27.3.1
A27.3.2

Letters or numerals representing a human being or a part of the human body

A27.3.3

Letters or numerals representing an animal or a part of an animal’s body

A27.3.11

Letters or numerals representing a plant

A27.3.12

Letters or numerals representing a heavenly body or a natural phenomenon

A27.3.15

Letters or numerals representing an object

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 27.5

LETTERS PRESENTING A SPECIAL FORM OF WRITING

 
Note: Includes both one or more letters and a series of letters forming a word.
*27.5.1

Letters presenting a special form of writing

Auxiliary Sections of Groups 27.5
Auxiliary Sections Associated with Principal Section 27.5.1
A27.5.2

Letters written in double outline

A27.5.3

Letters in relief or shaded

A27.5.4

Letters embellished or decorated with a drawing or composed of a collection of drawings

A27.5.5

Letters containing written or typographical matter

A27.5.7

Letters surmounted by a sign of disproportionate size

 
Note: Includes, for instance, a letter “i” surmounted by a disproportionate dot, by a star or a flower.
A27.5.8

Letters linked to or containing a figurative element

 
Note: Letters representing a human being or a part of the human body, an animal or a part of an animal’s body, a plant, a heavenly body, a natural phenomenon or an object are classified in division 27.3.
A27.5.9

Series of letters presenting different forms of writing

A27.5.10

Series of letters in different dimensions

A27.5.11

Letters underlined, overlined, framed or barred by one or more strokes

A27.5.12

Letters crossed or barred by letters, numerals or a figurative element

A27.5.13

Letters in the form of a signature, illegible signatures

A27.5.14

Letters repeated by mirror effect or symmetrically in any position

A27.5.15

Series of letters separated from one another other than by a single space

 
Note: Includes a series of letters separated, for instance, by framing, strokes or varying levels.
A27.5.17

Letters in heavy characters

A27.5.19

Letters overlapping

A27.5.21

One letter

A27.5.22

Monograms formed of intertwined, overlapping or otherwise combined letters

A27.5.23

Several letters

A27.5.24

Letters in light-coloured characters on a dark background

A27.5.25

Letters presenting some other special form of writing

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 27.7

NUMERALS PRESENTING A SPECIAL FORM OF WRITING

*27.7.1

Numerals presenting a special form of writing

 27.7.21

One numeral

Auxiliary Sections of Groups 27.7
Auxiliary Sections Associated with Principal Section 27.7.1
A27.7.2

Numerals written in double outline

A27.7.3

Numerals in relief or shaded

A27.7.4

Numerals embellished or decorated with a drawing containing inscriptions or composed of a collection of drawings

A27.7.11

Numerals juxtaposed or joined to a letter or a figurative element

A27.7.12

Numerals crossed or barred by letters or numerals or a figurative element

A27.7.13

Numerals in handwritten or simulated handwritten characters

A27.7.14

Numerals repeated by mirror effect or symmetrically in any position

A27.7.17

Numerals in heavy characters

A27.7.19

Numerals overlapping or composed of irregular characters or arranged irregularly

A27.7.23

Roman numerals

A27.7.24

Numerals in light-coloured characters on a dark background

A27.7.25

Numerals presenting some other special form of writing

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